Abstract
Open educational resources (OER) are well-known around the world and globally it gives revenue to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It also gives benefits in various Asian countries. However, in the Philippines there is a lack of information and implementation. With the update in education and the shift in learning modality a great need for educational resources - free and open to the public increases, especially in the outrage of the pandemic. These events and phenomena also create a schism between librarians' perspectives and practices on OER. This paper examines the academic librarians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward OER in higher education institutions in the Philippines. Specifically, this paper is aimed at assessing the level of KAP toward OER among the librarians. It also investigates the relationship between KAP-OER and the profiles of academic librarians and libraries, as well as the differences between KAP-OER and sex, higher educational attainment, and years of service. The respondents of the study were the 57 academic librarians from different HEIs in the Philippines. An adapted questionnaire was used, and it was administered online through Google forms. Results show that academic librarians reinforce the trend of infrequent engagement in OER practices at the school. In terms of reuse, revise, remix, and redistribution, the respondents express a tendency to rarely engage in these practices at our school, with mean scores ranging from 5.31 to 5.75. On the general aspects of OER, the respondents exhibit a positive attitude, with a mean score of 5.27. The respondents and library profiles record no relationship to KAP. In contrast, print and nonprint resources can positively affect KAP. While sexes, highest educational attainment, and number of years of service shows no difference. This study concludes that Philippine academic librarians challenged in terms of KAP-OER. Thus, require the interventions for improvement. This study confirms that more research is needed. It suggests providing OER seminars and training, promoting OER through collaboration, funding, institutional incentives, and support for OER activities.
References
I. S. Abeywardena, G. Dhanarajan and C. Chan, "Searching and Locating OER: Barriers to the Wider Adoption of OER for Teaching in Asia" in Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Open Educational Resources: An Asian Perspective on Policies and Practice, Penang, Malaysia, 2012. [Online]. Available: https://rb.gy/7b36m2[Online].
C. M. Mwinyimbegu, "The Role of Libraries and Librarians in Open Educational Resources in Tanzania: the Case of Selected Public University Libraries" Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), p. 2097, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2097
A. J. Moreno-Guerrero, I. Aznar-Díaz, P. Cáceres-Reche and S. Alonso-García, "E-learning in the teaching of mathematics: An educational experience in adult high school," Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 840, 22 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/math8050840
UNESCO, "Open Educational Resources (OER)," [Online]. Available: https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer.
A. Corbett and A. Brown, "The Roles that Librarians and Libraries Play in Distance Education Settings," Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol. 18, no. 2, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.learntechlib.org/p/158591/.
T. Yamada, I. Jung, T. Lee, M. Fadzil, J. M. Pawlowski, H. Pirkkalainen, J. L. Gervacio, N. Nordin, M. A. Embi, J. Nasongkhla, S.-H. A. Chen, R. Birzina, K. Pushpanadham, A. Khirwadkar and J. Kovacova, Open Educational Resources in Lifelong Learning, E. B. Kim, Ed., Seoul: KNOU Press, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://rb.gy/8mf8c6
R. Calilung, "Perceptions And Practices Of Academic Librarians In Handling And Managing Open Education Resources (Oers): Basis For Capacity Building Plan," University Library At A New Stage Of Social Communications Development. Conference Proceedings, no. 5, p. 53–67, 1 April 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.15802/unilib/2020_220361
J. Pawlowski, H. Pirkkalainen, J. Gervacio, N. Nordin, Embi and M, "Contextualization of Open Educational Resources in Asia and Europe," in Open Educational Resources in Lifelong Learning, B. Kim, Ed., Seoul, KNOU Press, 2014, pp. 99-140. [Online]. Available: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201501171129
CHED, "CHED Memorandum Order No. 04: Guidelines on the implementation of flexible learning," pp. 1-10, 21 May 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rb.gy/e9v6du
T. E. Gocotano, M. A. L. Jerodiaz, J. C. P. Banggay, H. B. R. Nasibog and M. B. Go, "Higher Education Students Challenges on Flexible Online Learning Implementation," International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, vol. 20, no. 7, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/3877
OECD, Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources, MA: OECD Publishing, 2007. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/ttxpmpte
A. Parisky and R. Boulay, "Designing and Developing Open Education Resources in Higher Education: A Molecular Biology Project," The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society, vol. 9 , no. 2, pp. 145-155, 2013. doi: 10.18848/1832-3669/cgp/v09i02/56376.
J. Hilton III, D. Wiley, J. Stein and A. Johnson, "The four “R”s of openness and ALMS analysis: frameworks for open educational resources," Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 37–44, 2010. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680510903482132.
A. Wesolek, J. Lashley and A. Langley, OER: A Field Guide for Academic Librarians, Pacific University Press, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://commons.pacificu.edu/work/sc/0dd08078-cb6f-47a7-9a5f-8bc7b1566050
D. Wiley, "The Access Compromise and the 5th R," 5 March 2014. [Online]. Available: https://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221.
P. B. Arinto and R. Cantada, "OER in Philippine Higher Education: A Preliminary Study," in Open Educational Resources: An Asian Perspective, G. Dhanarajan and D. Porter, Eds., Vancouver, Commonwealth of Learning and OER Asia, 2013, pp. 143 - 159. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/npyczcb2
G. Santos-Hermosa, "ORIOLE, in the Search for Evidence of OER in Teaching. Experiences in the Use, Re-use and the Sharing and Influence of Repositories.," Qualitative Research in Education, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 232-268, 2014. doi: https://doi.org/10.4471/qre.2014.46.
K. Malbon, "Case Study: Open Educational Resources and the Teacher Librarian," 26 October 2017. [Online]. Available: https://thinkspace.csu.edu.au/karenmalbon/2017/10/26/case-study-open-educational-resources-and-the-teacher-librarian/. [Accessed 10 September 2021].
D. Braddlee and A. VanScoy, "Bridging the Chasm: Faculty Support Roles for Academic Librarians in the Adoption of Open Educational Resources," College & Research Libraries, vol. 80, no. 4, p. 426, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.80.4.426.
K. Okamoto, "Making Higher Education More Affordable, One Course Reading at a Time: Academic Libraries as Key Advocates for Open Access Textbooks and Educational Resources," Public Services Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 267-283, 2013. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2013.842397.
World Health Organization, A Guide To Developing Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Surveys, World Health Organization, 2008. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/2s42mzcs
Commonwealth of Learning, Open educational : Global report 2017, British Columbia, Canada, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/3yvrhdze
K. I. E. C. Kaliyaperumal, "Guideline for conducting a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) study," AECS illumination, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7-9, 2004. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/4tv8r78c
I. G. Badran, "Knowledge, attitude and practice the three pillars of excellence and wisdom: a place in the medical profession," EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8-16, 1995. [Online]. Available: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/116905
S. Mishra and A. Singh, "Higher education faculty attitude, motivation, and perception of quality and barriers towards OER in India," in Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South, P. B. A. C. Hodgkinson-Williams, Ed., 2017. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.161282.
B. Smith and L. Lee, "Librarians and OER: cultivating a community of practice to be more effective advocates," Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning, vol. 11, no. 1-2, pp. 106-122, 2016. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1533290X.2016.1226592.
M. J. Orzech and S. J. Abramovich, "Perceptions and Practice of Openness Among Academic Librarians," The International Journal of Open Educational Resources, vol. 3, no. 1, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/bdupvmtb
S. Katz, "Leveraging Library Expertise in Support of Institutional Goals: A Case Study of an Open Educational Resources Initiative," New Review of Academic Librarianship, vol. 25, no. 2-4, pp. 381-391, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2019.1630655.
L. &. T. J. Fazzino, "Remixing an Open Educational Resource: A Case Study of the Uncommon “R”," Urban Library Journal, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://tinyurl.com/48zdkh6j
E. Thornton, "Academic Librarian Experiences and Perceived Value of OER Professional Development: A Case Study. Graduate Theses and Dissertations," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/4123/
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Liezel G. Mohillo, Angie R. Jalandoon, Dave E. Marcial