Keywords
educational models
Semantic Web
Notation3
N3 Logic Rules
How to Cite
Abstract
The article analyzes the principles of building personalized systems using Semantic Web technology, and presents the experience of using this technology to create modern systems that support personalized learning standards.
In the course of the work, an educational RDF model was developed using the Notation 3 language. The model presented in the article represents not only the issue of personalized education, but also takes into account the concept of Skills-Based Model, which focuses specifically on the skills that a student acquires in the learning process, as well as the further expression of learning outcomes in the form of certificates confirming the acquired skills and the level of their mastery. It is also worth noting that the model also takes into account important issues of management, copyright for educational objects used in the learning process.
The model includes the principles of using recommendations for educational materials by establishing properties between the educational course and various types of educational materials. Using this approach makes it possible to lay down the principles of building intelligent recommendation systems, which makes it possible to recommend to the student not only educational courses, but also materials that are needed to study a particular course.
In addition to the model, the article describes the principles of building a course recommendation system based on semantic data using the N3 Logic Rules logical inference language. As part of this experiment, the experience of using N3 to build a modern personalized course recommendation system based on the student's individual and career preferences was described. The model and course recommendation system proposed in the article can be applied both to university LMS distance learning and to commercial MOOC systems. The implementation of systems that support the paradigm of personalized education can qualitatively affect the current state of education. The use of Semantic Web technologies will provide flexible approaches to learning, allowing students to receive educational services according to their individual needs and career preferences.
References
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[2] T. Force, Computing curricula 2020: Paradigms for global computing education. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. doi: 10.1145/3467967.
[3] Y. H. Alfaifi, "Towards an Ontology-Based E-Learning Recommendation System," 2023 3rd International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT), Sept. 2023, pp. 652–656, IEEE, doi: 10.1109/ICCIT58132.2023.10273903.
[4] R. Hare and Y. Tang, "Ontology-driven Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Student Support," 2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Oct. 2024, pp. 2555–2560, IEEE.
[5] Y. Anistyasari, R. Sarno, and N. Rochmawati, "Designing learning management system interoperability in semantic web," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 296, no. 1, p. 012034, IOP Publishing, 2018.
[6] IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata, IEEE Standard 1484.12.1-2020, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9262118.
[7] M. Abdel-Qader, A. Saleh, and K. Tochtermann, "On the experience of federating open educational repositories using the learning object metadata standard," EDULEARN21 Proceedings, IATED, 2021, pp. 4819–4825, doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2021.0998.
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[9] D. Purbohadi, "Designing Interactive E-Learning Architecture: Leveraging SCORM Standards," Educational Research (IJMCER), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 01–07, 2024.
[10] Y. C. Hsu, Y. C. Liu, and S. S. Chang, "A study of SCORM-based Sharable Content Repository Management System," 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering (ICIME), Apr. 2010, pp. 110–114, IEEE, doi: 10.1109/ICIME.2010.5477433.
[11] “Evolution of SCORM” [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно:https://scorm.com/scorm-explained/business-of-scorm/scorm-versions/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=natural_search. Дата звернення: 22 лютого 2025.
[12] O. A. Shcherbyna, "CMI5 - New Standard for E-Learning Tools Integration," ITLT, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 355–368, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.33407/itlt.v77i3.2989.
[13] “Competency frameworks,” Moodle Documentation, last edited Dec. 12, 2024. [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://docs.moodle.org/500/en/Competency_frameworks
[14] K. Rezgui, H. Mhiri, and K. Ghédira, “Extending Moodle functionalities with ontology-based competency management,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 35, pp. 570–579, 2014.
[15] K. Hadullo, “Online competency based education framework using Moodle LMS: A case of HEIs in Kenya,” International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 193–206, 2021
[16] G. H. A. Ahmed and L. Kovács, "Development of ontology-based model to support learning process in LMS," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 507–518, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp507-518.
[17] A. Smith, "Simple knowledge organization system (SKOS)," KO Knowledge Organization, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 371–384, 2022.
[18] S. Miranda, F. Orciuoli, and D. G. Sampson, "A SKOS-based framework for Subject Ontologies to improve learning experiences," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 61, pp. 609–621, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.066.
[19] N. T. H. Giang, N. M. Duc, and N. D. H. Cuong, "Towards Legal Ontology for Education," Hue University Journal of Science: Techniques and Technology, vol. 130, no. 2B, pp. 5–14, 2021, doi: 10.26459/hueunijtt.v130i2B.6345.
[20] T. Ivanova, "Personalized and Self-Regulated Learning and Ontology-Based Knowledge Models in the Cloud," ICERI2022 Proceedings, IATED, 2022, pp. 2737–2746, doi: 10.21125/iceri.2022.0677.
[21] “Notation 3 Logic” [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/N3Logic. Дата звернення: 22 лютого 2025.
[22] “ХДУ24: Херсонського державного університету, [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://ksu24.kspu.edu/
[23] “Notation3: Knowledge Graph Language for the Semantic Web” [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://notation3.org/. Дата звернення: 22 лютого 2025.
[24] “WebVOWL” [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://service.tib.eu/webvowl/. Дата звернення: 22 лютого 2025.
[25] O. A. Letychevskyi, V. Peschanenko, M. Poltoratskiy, and Y. Tarasich, "Platform for Modeling of Algebraic Behavior: Experience and Conclusions," in ICTERI Workshops, 2020, pp. 42–57.
[26] K. Chaudhuri, D. Doligez, L. Lamport, and S. Merz, "Verifying safety properties with the TLA+ proof system," in Automated Reasoning: 5th International Joint Conference, IJCAR 2010, Edinburgh, UK, July 16-19, 2010. Proceedings 5, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 142–148.
[27] “Notation3 Editor” [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://editor.notation3.org/. Дата звернення: 22 лютого 2025.
[28] J. Wright, J. D. Roo, and I. Smessaert, "EYE JS: A client-side reasoning engine supporting Notation3, RDF Surfaces and RDF Lingua," in Posters, Demos, and Industry Tracks: From Novel Ideas to Industrial Practice, co-located with 23rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2024), 2024.
[29] D. Arndt, R. Verborgh, J. De Roo, H. Sun, E. Mannens, and R. Van de Walle, "Semantics of Notation3 logic: A solution for implicit quantification," in Rule Technologies: Foundations, Tools, and Applications: 9th International Symposium, RuleML 2015, Berlin, Germany, August 2-5, 2015, Proceedings 9, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 127–143.
[30] “N3 Logic Rule Reasoner” [Електронний ресурс]. Доступно: https://www.ldf.fi/service/n3-reasoner. Дата звернення: 22 лютого 2025.
REFERENCES (TRANSLATED AND TRANSLITERATED)
[1] N. Evain, E. Exposito, M. L. Gueye, and P. Arnould, "Ontology-driven approach for competency-oriented and student-centered engineering education," 2024 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), May 2024, pp. 1–10, doi: 10.1109/EDUCON60312.2024.10578793. (in English).
[2] T. Force, Computing curricula 2020: Paradigms for global computing education. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020. doi: 10.1145/3467967. (in English).
[3] Y. H. Alfaifi, "Towards an Ontology-Based E-Learning Recommendation System," 2023 3rd International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT), Sept. 2023, pp. 652–656, IEEE, doi: 10.1109/ICCIT58132.2023.10273903. (in English).
[4] R. Hare and Y. Tang, "Ontology-driven Reinforcement Learning for Personalized Student Support," 2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Oct. 2024, pp. 2555–2560, IEEE (in English).
[5] Y. Anistyasari, R. Sarno, and N. Rochmawati, "Designing learning management system interoperability in semantic web," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 296, no. 1, p. 012034, IOP Publishing, 2018 (in English).
[6] IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata, IEEE Standard 1484.12.1-2020, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9262118. (in English).
[7] M. Abdel-Qader, A. Saleh, and K. Tochtermann, "On the experience of federating open educational repositories using the learning object metadata standard," EDULEARN21 Proceedings, IATED, 2021, pp. 4819–4825, doi: 10.21125/edulearn.2021.0998 (in English).
[8] X. H. Zhu, T. J. Wu, and H. C. Chen, "An interoperable model for the intelligent content object based on a knowledge ontology and the SCORM specification," Journal of Educational Computing Research, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 723–749, 2018, doi: 10.1177/073563311772576 (in English).
[9] D. Purbohadi, "Designing Interactive E-Learning Architecture: Leveraging SCORM Standards," Educational Research (IJMCER), vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 01–07, 2024 (in English).
[10] Y. C. Hsu, Y. C. Liu, and S. S. Chang, "A study of SCORM-based Sharable Content Repository Management System," 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering (ICIME), Apr. 2010, pp. 110–114, IEEE, doi: 10.1109/ICIME.2010.5477433 (in English).
[11] “Evolution of SCORM” [Online]. Available: https://scorm.com/scorm-explained/business-of-scorm/scorm-versions/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=natural_search (in English).
[12] O. A. Shcherbyna, "CMI5 - New Standard for E-Learning Tools Integration," ITLT, vol. 77, no. 3, pp. 355–368, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.33407/itlt.v77i3.2989. (in Ukrainian).
[13] “Competency frameworks,” Moodle Documentation, last edited Dec. 12, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://docs.moodle.org/500/en/Competency_frameworks. (in English).
[14] K. Rezgui, H. Mhiri, and K. Ghédira, “Extending Moodle functionalities with ontology-based competency management,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 35, pp. 570–579, 2014. (in English).
[15] K. Hadullo, “Online competency based education framework using Moodle LMS: A case of HEIs in Kenya,” International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 193–206, 2021. (in English).
[16] G. H. A. Ahmed and L. Kovács, "Development of ontology-based model to support learning process in LMS," Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 507–518, 2021, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp507-518 (in English). (in English).
[17] A. Smith, "Simple knowledge organization system (SKOS)," KO Knowledge Organization, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 371–384, 2022 (in English).
[18] S. Miranda, F. Orciuoli, and D. G. Sampson, "A SKOS-based framework for Subject Ontologies to improve learning experiences," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 61, pp. 609–621, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.066. (in English).
[19] N. T. H. Giang, N. M. Duc, and N. D. H. Cuong, "Towards Legal Ontology for Education," Hue University Journal of Science: Techniques and Technology, vol. 130, no. 2B, pp. 5–14, 2021, doi: 10.26459/hueunijtt.v130i2B.6345 (in English).
[20] T. Ivanova, "Personalized and Self-Regulated Learning and Ontology-Based Knowledge Models in the Cloud," ICERI2022 Proceedings, IATED, 2022, pp. 2737–2746, doi: 10.21125/iceri.2022.0677 (in English).
[21] “Notation 3 Logic” [ Online]. Available: https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/N3Logic (in English).
[22] “KSU24: Kherson state university, [Online]. Available: https://ksu24.kspu.edu/ (in Ukrainian).
[23] “Notation3: Knowledge Graph Language for the Semantic Web” [Online]. Available: https://notation3.org/ (in English).
[24] “WebVOWL” [ Online]. Available: https://service.tib.eu/webvowl/ (in English).
[25] O. A. Letychevskyi, V. Peschanenko, M. Poltoratskiy, and Y. Tarasich, "Platform for Modeling of Algebraic Behavior: Experience and Conclusions," in ICTERI Workshops, 2020, pp. 42–57 (in English).
[26] K. Chaudhuri, D. Doligez, L. Lamport, and S. Merz, "Verifying safety properties with the TLA+ proof system," in Automated Reasoning: 5th International Joint Conference, IJCAR 2010, Edinburgh, UK, July 16-19, 2010. Proceedings 5, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010, pp. 142–148 (in English).
[27] “Notation3 Editor” [ Online]. Available: https://editor.notation3.org/ (in English).
[28] J. Wright, J. D. Roo, and I. Smessaert, "EYE JS: A client-side reasoning engine supporting Notation3, RDF Surfaces and RDF Lingua," in Posters, Demos, and Industry Tracks: From Novel Ideas to Industrial Practice, co-located with 23rd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2024), 2024 (in English).
[29] D. Arndt, R. Verborgh, J. De Roo, H. Sun, E. Mannens, and R. Van de Walle, "Semantics of Notation3 logic: A solution for implicit quantification," in Rule Technologies: Foundations, Tools, and Applications: 9th International Symposium, RuleML 2015, Berlin, Germany, August 2-5, 2015, Proceedings 9, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 127–143 (in English).
[30] “N3 Logic Rule Reasoner” [ Online]. Available: https://www.ldf.fi/service/n3-reasoner (in English).
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